The Arrived of Angle(AoA) technology has been introduced to BLE since Bluetooth 5.1 Core Specification for Bluetooth Direction's purpose. Now, Bluetooth 5.1 AoA has been widely used in two fields: indoor positioning, and keyless entry.  Now, we will explain how AoA works and how it applies into indoor positioning with Bluetooth 5.1 AoA technology. 1. Indoor Positioning Technology Overview There are four solutions for indoor positioning: UWB, Wi-Fi, BLE beacon / BLE AoA. For the accuracy range, UWB is 0.1 m ~ 1 m; Wi-Fi and BLE beacon is 5 m ~ 20 m with a larger error range. As the first commercial BLE AoA positioning service company, Quuppa can control the accuracy range within 0.1 m ~ 1 m (with the TI CC254x and Nordic nRF5281x chips). The following is the test data of Quuppa. 2. Analysis of Indoor Positioning Theory No matter what kind of positioning method, the indoor positioning system needs to draw the architectural modeling of the actual scene, deploy the receiver router in the indoor area, and mark the corresponding location on the modeling map. The mobile phone or the beacon module broadcast wireless signals. The receiver router deployed in a fixed position can confirm the location area range of the beacon after received the wireless signals. The arrival angle of the beacon signal can be measured by multiple antennas after confirmed the location area range. Combined with triangulation positioning, the accurate position of beacon equipment can be calculated. Triangulation Triangulation is to measure the position of the beacon device through two sets of AoA data. As shown in the figure below, two sets of antennas can measure one AoA data, and two AoA data can measure the position of device A. Both d and D are known parameters, how we can get θ1 and θ2. 3. AoA Measurement Theory Frequency: Bluetooth operates in the ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band from 2.40 GHz to 2.41 GHz with a bandwidth of 2 MHz. Bluetooth is divided into three broadcast channels 37, 38, and 39. In the Bluetooth v5.x core specification, the extended broadcast of the Bluetooth LE can be broadcasted in any channel from 0 to 39, that is, the Bluetooth v5.1 beacon can work on any Bluetooth channel. (The frequency of Bluetooth is inconsistent when it is working, which will affect the Bluetooth wavelength λ.) Phase: The wireless signal is continuous in the air. The RX receiver receives and demodulates the signal of the entire wave cycle of 0 ~ 2 π under the frequency range. AoA calculation: Supposing that there is a fixed-frequency Bluetooth beacon signal broadcasting in an open area (ignoring obstacles and other 2.4 GHz signal interference in the air). If the two receivers are on the same radius and at the same TX end, at a certain time t, the phase difference received by the RX receiver should be 0. But if the receiver is in a position with an inconsistent radius, at a certain time t, there is a difference in the phase of the RX receiver. If the above diagram...

Bluetooth HID Device What is the Bluetooth HID device? A Bluetooth HID device is meant to provide the service of human or other data input and output to and from a Bluetooth HID Host. What can the technology be applied for? Keyboards, mouse, joysticks auxiliary equipment for the disabled. What do the advantages of Bluetooth HID technology? Cost-Effective Lower Power Consumption Higher Reliability & Security The HID function supports us an intelligent, comfortable, and convenient daily life. Contact us for the wireless connectivity www.rfstariot.com info@szrfstar.com

Nordic launched nRF52832 Sniffer for BLE broadcast packets, which is a very convenient tool for learning and debugging BLE protocols. It can parse data packets from different protocol layers in real-time, so that it can check the frame header and the data carried effectively. It provides detailed information about data packets, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Link Quality Indicator (LQI), channel, etc. At the same time, nRF52832 Sniffer also supports the protocol parsing of the captured BLE data. nRF52832 Sniffer can be used to get the specific operation of the protocol and the types of data packets sent back and forth between devices. It is also used as a debugging tool to find out what happens when the protocol does not meet expectations. The nRF52832 Sniffer uses Wireshark as the front end and supports multiple operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. RF-DG-32A is a USB Donlge Sniffer based on a nRF52832 chip launched by RF-star, which supports major wireless standards, including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) running on Nordic nRF52832 multi-protocol system-level SoC. RF-DG-32A can provide a high data throughput communication interface through the USB device controller and can be directly connected to the computer. The nRF52832 Sniffer RF-DG-32A launched by RF-star adopts CP2102 and nRF52832 dual chips, and the nRF52832 Sniffer integrated Silicon Labs industrial-grade USB to TTL chipset CP2102 which supports independent LED indication during transmission and receiving. The USB interface uses a CP2102 chip, transfers to TTL through USB, and then connects to the nRF52832 chip through UART. Is the dual-chip design redundant? Is it better to use nRF52840 with USB support? Although nRF52840 supports full-speed USB, nRF52832 plus CP2102 chip can achieve the same USB communication function, and the overall chip price is lower than nRF52840. nRF52832 USB Dongle Sniffer supports BLE 5.0 protocol and is backward compatible with BLE 4.2. RF-DG-32A reserved program burn pad, which supports secondary development. nRF52832 SoC is a powerful and highly flexible ultra-low power multi-protocol SoC, which is very suitable for Bluetooth Low Energy, Antenna, and 2.4GHz ultra-low power wireless applications. ·  ARM® Cortex®-M4 32-bit processor with FPU, 64 MHz ·  Data watchpoint and trace (DWT), embedded trace macrocell (ETM), and instrumentation trace macrocell (ITM) ·  Serial wire debug (SWD) ·  2.4 GHz transceiver ·  -96 dBm sensitivity in Bluetooth® low energy mode ·  1 Mbps, 2 Mbps supported data rates ·  TX power: -20 to +4 dBm in 4 dB steps ·  Supply voltage range 1.7 V ~ 3.6 V ·  Fast wake-up using 64 MHz internal oscillator ·  Type 2 near field communication (NFC-A) tag with wakeup-on-field and touch-to-pair capabilities ·  12-bit, 200 ksps ADC - 8 configurable channels with programmable gain ·  64 level comparator ·  32 general purpose I/O pins ·  3 x 4...

Here comes Smart Street Light. What new functions do you think of the smart street light over the traditional one? Smart lighting. Absolutely one! 5G micro base station Smart parking management system Smart trash cans for environmentally friendly application Wi-Fi network for surfing Smart charging Information release Public broadcasting Video monitoring Wireless technologies are fully well-used in this field for the above functions, like WiFi, Sub1G, WiSUN, 5G, LoRa. The smart street light system is with advantages for the city infrastructure, people will have much entertainment and a sense of security with such a device. Easy Demployment Easy Management Safe & Reliable The system design may be complex with all the functions, but the good sign is that people's daily life is intelligent, comfortable, and convenient. Contact us for the wireless connectivity www.rfstariot.com info@szrfstar.com

nRF52840 is the most advanced member of the nRF52 series SOC family. It can meet the challenges of complex applications that require a rich and diverse set of peripherals and functions. It provides a large amount of available memory for Flash and RAM, which is a prerequisite for high-demand applications. nRF52840 fully supports multiple protocols, including BLE 5, Bluetooth mesh, thread, ZigBee, 802.15.4, ant, and 2.4GHz proprietary protocol stack. nRF52840 SoC is built around a 32-bit arm ® cortex ™ - M4 CPU, with a 64 MHz floating-point unit, which has sufficient general processing capacity, floating-point operation, and DSP performance to meet the challenging wireless application requirements. It has NFC-a tags to simplify pairing and payment solutions. The arm TrustZone ® crypto cell encryption unit included on the chip provides a range of encryption options that are executed efficiently independent of the CPU. nRF52840 SoC has many digital peripherals and interfaces, such as high-speed 32 MHz SPI and QSPI, for connecting external flash memory and display; PDM and I²S (for digital microphone and audio), full speed 12 Mbps USB device for data transmission and battery charging. nRF52840 SoC device adopts a new radio architecture, with built-in PA, transmitting power up to + 8 DBM, built-in 1 MB flash and 256 KB ram, fully supporting BLE 5, 802.15.4 (including the thread), ant and private 2.4 GHz wireless technology, with a full speed USB 2.0 controller and a series of peripheral devices including a four-channel SPI interface. nRF52840 can also use more than 5V power supply, such as rechargeable battery power. nRF52840 has two packages: 7 x 7 aqfn73 with 48 gpios and 3.5 x 3.6 wlcsp94 with 48 gpios. In addition, nrf52840 also has an arm ® encryption accelerator built in to achieve peer-to-peer security based on Cortex-M SOC. Cryptocell provides a wide range of password and security functions, which are used to build entity security into applications from the beginning to the end. Compared with the CPU's equivalent operation in the software, crypto cell can also make related security operations run faster and use less processing time and power. nRF52840 is an advanced and highly flexible single-chip solution, which is suitable for today's increasingly demanding ULP wireless applications, for our personal devices, living environment, and the Internet of things. It is designed to prepare for the major functional advances of ble 5 and to take advantage of the enhanced performance of ble 5, including remote and high performance. In today's applications, industrial-level security is essential. A wide range of peripherals can utilize many high-performance digital interfaces, such as high-speed SPI (32 MHz) and four-level SPI (32 MHz), allowing direct interface to displays and external storage sources. Nrf52840 can supply voltage from 5.5V to 1.7V, allowing direct power supply from a rechargeable battery and USB power supply. nRF52840 is rea...

Wireless industrial control, further, is called Industry 4.0 or IIoT (Industry Internet of Things). The fourth industrial revolution makes machines available with intelligence and automation. There are several wireless protocols used in wireless industrial control,such as WiFi, ZigBee, Thread, BLE, LoRa to achieve efficiency and flexibility. Let's see what advantages of the industrial control are. High security for device connectivity High convenience for device management and maintenance High reliability for the data analysis We can also see the applications for wireless control. Tank monitoring of chemical plant Environment monitoring and management of plants Personnel management of mines Machine-to-Machine IoT For more info, pls contact us info@szrfstar.com www.rfstariot.com

As early as 2016, BLE 5.0 protocol was born, and BLE 5.0 technology developed rapidly in the market. Because of its longer communication distance and higher speed than BLE 4.2, it was favored by many solution providers. In order to satisfy to the market requirements, Texas Instruments also launched CC2642R chip supporting ble 5.0. CC2642R is a chip based on arm ® cortex ® - M4F core, which can do floating-point operation with high precision and can collect accurate data from sensors. It is well-known of  the advanced core and high performance. Now TI has begun to mass production of the CC2642R chip. Subsequently, RF-star has been designed a CC2642R module, named as RF-BM-2642B1. The kind of BLE module brings new RF solutions to Bluetooth applications. Maybe you will ask, "What are differences among CC2642R, CC2640 & CC2640R2F?" Well, let's hush into their differences by comparision in the following parts. Similarity of CC2642R, CC2640 & CC2640R2F CC2640, CC2640R2F and CC2642R are all 2.4 GHz Radio Frequency devices. The CC2640, CC2640R2F and CC2642R special radio controllers are arm ® cortex ® - M0, which can handle the low-level RF protocol commands stored in ROM or ram, so it can ensure that the ultra-low power consumption and the low power consumption of the excellent flexibility device will not affect the RF performance, with excellent sensitivity and durability. But their main MCU are different. Differences Among CC2642R, CC2640 & CC2640R2F Differences in Main MCU The CC2640 device contains a 48 MHz arm ® cortex ® - M3 core. CC2640R2Ff device contains 48 MHz arm ® cortex ® - M3 core. CC2642R device contains a 48 MHz arm ® cortex ® - M4F core. Differences in Protocols The three chips support different protocols. CC2640 supports only BLE 4.2 protocol, while CC2640R2F supports both BLE 4.2 and BLE 5.0 protocol. CC2642R supports BLE 4.2 and BLE 5.0 protocol,too. C2640 has 128KB system programmable flash memory, and a maximum of 28KB of system SRAM, of which 20KB is SRAM. CC2640R2F has 275KB non-volatile memory, including 128KB system programmable flash memory, up to 28KB system SRAM, of which 20KB is SRAM. CC2642R has 352KB system programmable flash memory, 256KB ROM and 80KB SRAM. Differences in Parameters In terms of the specific parameters of CC2640, CC2640R2F and CC2642R, CC2642R has a great breakthrough compared to the previous generation. The programmable memory in the system is more than twice that of the previous generation, and SRAM has been greatly expanded. It follows then that the CC2642R modules with rich memory are a good choice for BLE 5.0 applications. Compared with CC2640, CC2640R2F also has some differences. Under the BLE 4.2-based protocol, the CC2640R2F can provide 80kbytes of space, while the CC2640 is 31kbytes. CC2640R2F supports BLE 5.0, while CC2640 only supports BLE 4.2. Moreover, CC2640R2F doesn't only support  the pin-to-pin QFN package, but also a...

How does the wireless smart grid work? What functions will be added compared to the traditional one? Electricity Generation -- Wireless Monitoring of Photovoltaic Inverter Electricity Transmission -- Wireless Monitoring of Transmission Line Fault Electricity Transformation -- Wireless video monitoring in the substation Electricity Distribution -- Wireless monitoring of pole-mounted switches in the power distribution network Electricity Using -- Electricity Remote Automatic Meter Reading The application of the smart grid realizes the ubiquitous data transmission, information processing and customer perception through the wireless networks, involving the smart grid generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, use, adjustment and other fields, and realizes the rapid positioning and automatic fault detection of power network faults. What can wireless solutions be used? BLE, ZigBee, Sub1G, WiSUN, Thread, WiFi, LoRa technologies are available. Find RF-star to get more info. www.rfstariot.com info@szrfstar.com

TI Bluetooth low Energy CC2640R2F-Q1 device is an AEC-Q100-compliant wireless microcontroller for low-power Bluetooth Low Energy 4.2 and Bluetooth 5.0 automotive applications. CC2640R2F is an SoC chip launched by TI that complies with automotive regulations. CC2640R2F-Q1 can be widely used in Passive Entry Passive Start (PEPS), Passive Keyless Entry (PKE), car sharing, parking guidance, smartphone connectivity, and other applications. CC2640R2F-Q1 is one of the few outstanding chips on the market that meets automotive standards and supports Bluetooth 5.0. Titanium chips can be used without secondary development. The RF-BM-4077B2 module with CC2640R2F-Q1 as the core can greatly shorten the customer's development cycle. The RF-BM-4077B2 module has more advantages in smart car applications that require vehicle-level standards or higher requirements. CC2640R2F-Q1 is a cost-effective 2.4GHz RF device in ultra-low power series. Very low active RF and MCU current and low power consumption mode current consumption ensures a super battery life, so nodes connected to automotive batteries can be powered by small button batteries with low power consumption. The admirable receiving sensitivity and programmable output power provide the industry's top RF performance for the demanding automotive RF environment. CC2640R2F-Q1 wireless MCU includes a 32-bit Arm ® cortex ® - M3 processor running at 48MHz as the main application processor, and an RF core Arm ® cortex ® - M0. The main MCU of CC2640R2F efficiently processes RTOS and ble applications. The RF core is mainly used for RF operation and ble protocol stack processing. The product development of ble is generally completed on the app, so there is no need to worry about the operation on the ble protocol stack. CC2640R2F-Q1 has passed the ACE-Q100 certification, reaching the level 2 temperature range (– 40 ° C to + 105 ° C), in which Q1 represents the aec-q100, and the requirements for active device components in the vehicle specification level standard. CC2640R2F-Q1 is packaged with 7mm × 7mm vqfn with wettable side. The wettability side helps reduce the cost of the production line and improves reliability by optically inspecting solder joints. Strictly speaking, if a chip wants to meet the vehicle standard, it must meet many indicators. 1. EMC performance shall be up to standard. On the one hand, the electromagnetic interference of the equipment to the environment during normal operation cannot exceed a certain limit. On the other hand, the equipment has a certain degree of immunity to electromagnetic interference in the environment. 2. There are also strict requirements for the chip's adaptive temperature. The operating temperature range of industrial chips is - 40 ℃ to 85 ℃. The working temperature range of the car gauge chip is - 40 ℃ to 125 ℃. The vehicle specification level standard emphasizes performance and reliability in low or high temperature and wide range of temperature range. 3. Env...